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Tuesday 30 April 2019

Particle Theory of Matter - Conduction

                                                                          Conduction

Conduction is a term used to describe the flow of heat through an object. Objects that are good at conducting heat are called thermal conductors. Metals are thermal conductors, but plastics, fur, wool, and gases are usually poor thermal conductors. Poor thermal conductors are called thermal insulators.

                                                         The Dropping Pins Experiment

Aim:  To observe conduction along a metal rod.

Equipment:  A metal rod, retort stand and clamp, Bunsen burner, petroleum jelly, 4 drawing pins, stop watch

Method:  

1. Set up and light a Bunsen burner

2. Smear a small amount of petroleum jelly on to the head of each drawing pin

3. Attach the drawing pins at even intervals along the length of the metal rod

4. Clamp one end of the metal rod to a retort stand

5. Position the retort stand so the unclamped end of the metal rod is in the Bunsen burner flame and start the stop watch

6. Record the time it takes for each pin to drop in the table below.

Discussion: As we did the experiment, we saw that the pins drop quickly as we opened the Bunsen burner.

Explanation: When particles at one end of a metal rod are heated, they begin to vibrate more. Vibrating particles collide within sticking particles making them vibrate more rapidly too and transferring the energy along the bar. The particles in the petroleum jelly also get bumped into and vibrate more, and this causes the petroleum jelly to liquefy and drop the drawing pins.

Time of each pins to drop

1st  -  3 seconds
2nd - 8 seconds
3rd - 13 seconds
4th - 13 seconds
5th - 13 seconds

Wednesday 10 April 2019

Social Studies SEEL Paragraph Learning

                                                                   SEEL Paragraph

For our last day of term 1 in Social Studies, we've been learning about writing SEEL paragraph. SEEL paragraph is a type of writing to format and write your answers in a paragraph. SEEL stands for

-  Statement
-  Example
-  Explanation
-  Link

Then, our teacher gave as a task to write 2 SEEL paragraphs. We are about to write or research about human disasters and I chose RMS Titanic and World War II, so I am about to share you what did I learn about my research.

RMS Titanic

RMS Titanic sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 15, 1912. It sank because the ship hit ab iceberg during its maiden voyage. There were about more than a thousand people that time and there were only 1,178 lifeboats for all passengers, unluckily 710 people only survive.

World War II

World War II was the biggest and deadliest war in history, involving more than 30 countries.  There were about 64 million people died in the war. The main Axis who fought in the war were Germany, Italy and Japan. The war includes massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease. There were about 64 million people died in the war


Friday 5 April 2019

The Behaviour of Matter - Diffusion

The Behaviour of Matter  -  Observing Diffusion

Aim:  To observe diffusion in a liquid

Method:

1. Half fill your petri dish with cold tap water.

2. Place the petri dish on your work bench and allow the water to become settled.

3. Using the tweezers, place a single crystal of potassium permanganate in the centre of the petri dish.

4. Observe for 5 minutes.

5. Repeat the experiment using hot water.

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Observations:  

In cold water:  The KMnO, slowly diffuses into the water turning it purple.

In hot water:  The KMnO, rapidly diffuses into the water.

Explanation:  The particles in hot water are moving about more quickly than the particles in the cold water. This increased particle movement increases the rate of diffusion.

Monday 1 April 2019

Investigating State Changes

Investigating State Changes

Aim:  To observe water as it changes state from solid to liquid and then to a gas.

Equipment:  A 250 mL beaker, thermometer, Bunsen burner, heatproof mat, tripod and gauze mat, stopwatch, retort stand and clamp and ice cubes

Method:  

1. Collect enough ice so that your beaker is half full and place the thermometer into it while you set up the rest of the equipment.

2. Set up the retort stand and clamp alongside the tripod and gauze mat.

3. Place the beaker of ice on the gauze mat and gently clamp the thermometer so that it is held upright and the scale is easy to see. The bottom of your thermometer should be low enough to still be covered by water when the ice melts, but not touching the bottom of the beaker.

4. Record the initial temperature of the ice in the date table below.

5. Light the Bunsen burner and start timing with the stop watch.

6. Measure and record the temperature every minute.

7. Continue measuring and recording the temperature until the water has been boiling for 2 - 3 minutes.

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1. Using the words 'particles' and 'energy' explain why the ice melts.
When the ice is heated, the particles begin to vibrate more. This increase in particle vibration makes the distance between the particles increase. As more heat is added the particles vibrate so much that they broke away from each other and the ice melts into a liquid.

2. Complete the diagram below by adding the name of the state change processes.

     ( a )  Melting                            ( b ) Evaporating
Solid ----------------------- Liquid ----------------------- Gas
     ( c )  Solidifying                      ( d ) Condensing


Results:

Time:           Temp ( Degrees )
0               -               5
1               -               5
2               -               10
3               -               19
4               -               18
5               -               26
6               -               39
7               -               59
8               -               75
9               -               90 
10             -               103
11             -               110


Discussion:  When the ice is heated, the particles begin to vibrate more. This increase in particle vibration makes the distance between the particles increase. As more heat is added, the particles vibrate so much that they broke away from each other and the ice melts.