Gummy Bear Experiment

 Hi, for today's Biology lesson, we are experimenting on gummy bears. We're learning about the process of osmosis and we have three different types of beaker with different types of solutions with a gummy bear in each beaker. One beaker consist of 3 spoons of sugar, one is 3 spoons of salt and last one is just water. Water level is 50mL. 

Hypothesis: I think that the gummy bear on sitting on the just water beaker will get bigger as the water molecules will enter the gummy bear and the sugar molecules in the gummy bear is hyper tonic to the water.

I think that if we place our gummy bear on salt water, gummy bear will get smaller as there are more salt molecules compared to the gummy bear which will cause the water to move out.

And I think gummy bear is isotonic to the sugar water beaker.

Here's a gummy bear😜😇😍😘😪😱🙊😑💞 I also had 3 gummy bears for me to eat

RESULT

We let the gummy bears sit on their beaker for a day and saw some changes. The gummy bear sitting on the water solution has increased its sized the largest out of all three. Gummy bear sitting on the sugar solution has also increased its size but water bear is still bigger. Looking at the salt solution, the gummy bear has decreased its size and it became tough when you touch it compared to its original size. The remaining two gummy bears became softer and water bear has almost lost its color.

The results have proven that my hypothesis was correct. The gummy bear was hypertonic to the water in terms of sugar. It was isotonic to the sugary water. And the salt water was hypertonic to the gummy bear solution as there are more amount of it compared to water. If there are less water, gummy bear is going to end up having a higher concentration of water, and in order to create an equilibrium the water in the gummy bear will leave as the solution of salt water is hyper tonic.

Testing for Protein - The Biuret Test

                                                    Testing for Protein  -  the Biuret Test

Aim:  To test is a sample of food contains protein.

Equipment:  test tube, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), copper sulfate (CuSO4), food sample (milk).

Method: 

1. Place about 2 mL of the sample into a test tube and add 5 drops of sodium hydroxide.

2. Add 5 drops of copper sulfate.

3. Shake the test tube gently from side to side.

Results:  If the solution remains blue, then no protein is present. If the solution changes to a purple colour then protein is present in the sample.

Discussion:  The Biuret test is based on the ability of Cu (II) ions to form a  violet-coloured protein after you heat the food.

Pictures:

Egg

Before heating:                              After heating:


Milk

Before heating:                            After putting the Biuret:           After heating:

Simple and Complex Sugar Experimnt

                                            Testing for Simple Sugars - the Benedict's Test

Aim:  To test a sample of food to determine whether it contains simple sugars.

Equipment:  Bunsen burner, test tube tongs, Benedict's Solution, a sample of food.

Method:

1. Place about 2 mL of the sample into a test tube and then add 5 drops of Benedict's Solution.

2. Heat with a Bunsen burner until it changes colour.

Results:  A positive test for a simple sugar results in the Benedict's Solution changing from a blue colour to a red/orange colour.

Discussion: The Benedict's Solution changes it colours depend on how much sugar in it.

Before:                           After heating:

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                                           Testing for Complex Sugars - the Iodine Test

Aim: To test if a sample food contains complex sugars.

Equipment: Test tube, food sample, iodine solution

Method:

1. Place about 2 ml of the sample in a test tube.

2. Add 3-5 drops of iodine and mix.

Results: If complex sugars (i.e. starch) are present the iodine solution will change to brown colour to a blue/black colour

Discussion: Even though the bread and the iodine are both carbohydrates, iodine will not change its colour when it react to sugar. It's because the starch is made up of many, many sugar molecules chained together. Only the long chains found in starch are able to interact with the iodine.

Particle Theory of Matter - Convection 2

                                                                          Convection

When particles are heated the distance between the particles increases. This means that objects will expand. When liquid or gases expand they become less dense. A gas or liquid which is less dense will rise through a more dense gas or liquid. This is the explanation for the well-known tendency of hot fluids to rise and cold fluid to sink. Scientist call this process convection.

Observing Convection I

Aim:  To observe convection in a liquid

Equipment:  200 mL beaker, water, tweezers, a crystal potassium permanganate, a drinking straw, Bunsen burner, heat mat, tripod and gauze mat

Method:

1. Set up a Bunsen burner on a heatproof mat. Put the gauze mat on the tripod but leave it just to one side of the Bunsen burner

2. Fill a 200 mL beaker with 150 mL cold water

3. Place the beaker on top of the tripod and gauze mat and allow it to settle for a few minutes

4. Carefully insert a drinking straw down one side of the beaker, ensuring the straw is touching the bottom of the beaker. Be careful as you do not want to disturb the water too much

5. Using tweezers, drop a crystal potassium permanganate down the inside of the straw. Wait for the crystal to settle on the bottom of the beaker

6. Very gently, so to not disturb the water, remove the straw

7. Light the Bunsen and slide it under the tripod so that you are only heating the outside of the beaker where the crystal is.

Observations:  The purple colour from the permanganate rises vertically,then travel horizontally across the surface of the water. Small circular currents can be seen transferring the purple colour through the beaker.

Explanation:  When the water in the very bottom, the space between the water particles increases. This means this region of water becomes less dense and rises. Denser colder water flows in to replace the rising water.

Particle Theory of Matter - Conduction

                                                                          Conduction

Conduction is a term used to describe the flow of heat through an object. Objects that are good at conducting heat are called thermal conductors. Metals are thermal conductors, but plastics, fur, wool, and gases are usually poor thermal conductors. Poor thermal conductors are called thermal insulators.

                                                         The Dropping Pins Experiment

Aim:  To observe conduction along a metal rod.

Equipment:  A metal rod, retort stand and clamp, Bunsen burner, petroleum jelly, 4 drawing pins, stop watch

Method:  

1. Set up and light a Bunsen burner

2. Smear a small amount of petroleum jelly on to the head of each drawing pin

3. Attach the drawing pins at even intervals along the length of the metal rod

4. Clamp one end of the metal rod to a retort stand

5. Position the retort stand so the unclamped end of the metal rod is in the Bunsen burner flame and start the stop watch

6. Record the time it takes for each pin to drop in the table below.

Discussion: As we did the experiment, we saw that the pins drop quickly as we opened the Bunsen burner.

Explanation: When particles at one end of a metal rod are heated, they begin to vibrate more. Vibrating particles collide within sticking particles making them vibrate more rapidly too and transferring the energy along the bar. The particles in the petroleum jelly also get bumped into and vibrate more, and this causes the petroleum jelly to liquefy and drop the drawing pins.

Time of each pins to drop

1st  -  3 seconds
2nd - 8 seconds
3rd - 13 seconds
4th - 13 seconds
5th - 13 seconds

The Behaviour of Matter - Diffusion

The Behaviour of Matter  -  Observing Diffusion

Aim:  To observe diffusion in a liquid

Method:

1. Half fill your petri dish with cold tap water.

2. Place the petri dish on your work bench and allow the water to become settled.

3. Using the tweezers, place a single crystal of potassium permanganate in the centre of the petri dish.

4. Observe for 5 minutes.

5. Repeat the experiment using hot water.

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Observations:  

In cold water:  The KMnO, slowly diffuses into the water turning it purple.

In hot water:  The KMnO, rapidly diffuses into the water.

Explanation:  The particles in hot water are moving about more quickly than the particles in the cold water. This increased particle movement increases the rate of diffusion.

Investigating State Changes

Investigating State Changes

Aim:  To observe water as it changes state from solid to liquid and then to a gas.

Equipment:  A 250 mL beaker, thermometer, Bunsen burner, heatproof mat, tripod and gauze mat, stopwatch, retort stand and clamp and ice cubes

Method:  

1. Collect enough ice so that your beaker is half full and place the thermometer into it while you set up the rest of the equipment.

2. Set up the retort stand and clamp alongside the tripod and gauze mat.

3. Place the beaker of ice on the gauze mat and gently clamp the thermometer so that it is held upright and the scale is easy to see. The bottom of your thermometer should be low enough to still be covered by water when the ice melts, but not touching the bottom of the beaker.

4. Record the initial temperature of the ice in the date table below.

5. Light the Bunsen burner and start timing with the stop watch.

6. Measure and record the temperature every minute.

7. Continue measuring and recording the temperature until the water has been boiling for 2 - 3 minutes.

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1. Using the words 'particles' and 'energy' explain why the ice melts.
When the ice is heated, the particles begin to vibrate more. This increase in particle vibration makes the distance between the particles increase. As more heat is added the particles vibrate so much that they broke away from each other and the ice melts into a liquid.

2. Complete the diagram below by adding the name of the state change processes.

     ( a )  Melting                            ( b ) Evaporating
Solid ----------------------- Liquid ----------------------- Gas
     ( c )  Solidifying                      ( d ) Condensing


Results:

Time:           Temp ( Degrees )
0               -               5
1               -               5
2               -               10
3               -               19
4               -               18
5               -               26
6               -               39
7               -               59
8               -               75
9               -               90 
10             -               103
11             -               110


Discussion:  When the ice is heated, the particles begin to vibrate more. This increase in particle vibration makes the distance between the particles increase. As more heat is added, the particles vibrate so much that they broke away from each other and the ice melts.

Chromatography - Separating a Mixture of Coloured Compound

For our science we did an experiment called ' Separating a Mixture of Coloured Compounds '. For this blog post, I am about to share you my experiment

Separating a Mixture Using Chromatography

Aim:  To separate the different pigments in inks or dyes using paper chromatography

Method:

1.  Cut a strip of filter paper that is long enough to reach the bottom of your beaker and able to wrap around your pencil.

2.  Rule a line in pencil approximately 2 cm from the bottom of your piece of paper.

3.  Fill your beaker with enough chromatography solution to fill your beaker to a depth of 1 cm.

4.  Place a dot of ink above the ruled line on your filter paper. You need to produce a concentrated dot of ink so repeated applications may be necessary.

5.  Suspend the strip of paper from the pencil. You may need to use adhesive tape to stop it from falling into the solution.

6.  Wait to see what happens. It is important that you do not move the beaker. If the solution comes in contact with the ink dot, the ink will run down into the solution, rather than move up the filter paper.

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Observations:  As the filter paper was put in the water, the paper started to absorb the water until it reached the coloured part of the water. Then the colour started to spread over the filter paper but it didn't spread quickly.

Discussion:  As the water goes up over the filter paper, the water started to spread over the space where the water is, the colour started to spread until it reached the very bottom where's the water came from. But if the colour reached the water, you did it wrong, but the colour will go into the water and will make the water colourful.

Results:

Evaporation - Separating a Solid Dissolve in a Liquid

Today we are working about evaporation.

Aim: To separate a solute from a solvent in a solution using evaporation.

Method:

1.  Set up the Bunsen Burner, tripod and gauze mat. Don't place the Bunsen Burner under the tripod yet.

2.  Add approximately 50 mL of hot water to your beaker and place it on top of the tripod, on the gauze mat.

3.  Add enough copper sulphate solution to quarter fill the evaporating basin.

4. Carefully place the evaporating basin on top of the beaker.

5. Light your Bunsen Burner. Open the air hole and gently push the Bunsen Burner solute are forming.

6.  Heat the solution until most of the solvent has been evaporated and crystals of solute are forming.

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Observations:  As the water boiled, the steam heated the evaporating basin causing the copper sulfate solution to evaporate. It's the water left the basin, small crystals of solid copper sulfate were left deposited around the basin.

1. Outline two factors that affect the speed of evaporation ( i . e how can the speed of evaporation be increased? ).

(  a  )  Temperature  ( higher temp  =  faster evaporation )

(  b  )  Surface area  ( greater surface area  =  faster evaporation ) 

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Results: 

Discussion:  As we heat the water with the Bunsen burner, the water evaporates and form the solution. As the solvent evaporates, the solute form the solution with the help of Bunsen burner and evaporation, we leave the blue crystal for about 2 days and form the copper sulphate.

Separating a Mixture Using Distillation

For our science experiment, we are about to distillate a coke. We used to used coke instead of water and salt. Look at my observations below.

Separating a Mixture Using Distillation

Aim:  To separate a solute from a solvent in a solution using distillation.

Method:  

1. Set up the equipment as shown in the diagram.

2. Add approximately 50 mL of water and a few drops of food colouring to your conical flask.

3. Light your Bunsen burner. Open the air hole and gently push the Bunsen burner under the tripod. 

4. Heat the solution until most of the solvent has been evaporated. Turn off your Bunsen burner.

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Discussion:

- Boiling / Evaporating
- Condensing
- Distillation
- Solvent
- Solution
- Solute

Observations:  The solution boils and steam can be observed moring up the conical flask. The coke drops form in the delivery tube and run into the beaker.

1.  Name and describe the process occurring time.

    ( a )  conical flask     -     evaporation

    ( b )  delivery tube     -     condensation

Science Experiment

Today, we have to create a blog post about our experiment. It is about how high will a tennis ball bounce back if I drop it, so let see the results.

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Aim: To record the relationship between the height where the ball is dropped from, and the ball's first bounce

Equipment: Metre ruler, tennis ball

Hypothesis: I think the ball will not bounce that high, because we are about to use a tennis ball which is not good enough to use

Method:  ( My own opinion )

1.  Get a partner and make her or him hold the metre ruler

2.  Then drop the ball and make your partner record it.

3.  Keep repeating it.

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Discussion: We talked about why did the ping pong ball bounces high. It is because it's a plastic.

Results: My hypothesis is wrong. It is because we didn't use a tennis ball, we used a ping pong ball. I think my teacher mean ping pong ball but I'm thinking about a tennis ball.

Water Bottle Rocket Experiment

Today in our science, we did a experiment that is called 'Water Bottle Rocket'.

This experiment is a rocket that is made up of water bottle, tape and some boxes. We're doing it for about 2 weeks, but we only have 2 days in a week that's why we didn't get it done earlier.

Materials needed:

-  1 Plastic Bottle
-  1 roll of tape
-  2 pieces of boxes
-  3 colour paper

Instructions:

-   You need a 1.5 litre bottle.
-   Cut some 3 pieces of wings made up of boxes.
-   Put a tape at the boxes so that it will stick properly.
-   Put a water in the bottle.
-   Put some air in the bottle with water by using a pump.
-   Wait for few seconds then your bottle will fly.

Tips:

-   Do not out too much water so that your bottle will fly high.
-   Don't cut your wings too big.


Making this experiment is a little bit hard because the box is hard to cut. Then, the wings doesn't stick too much in the bottle so you will spend a lot of time cutting the tapes.

Results of our experiment:

Science Experiment - Cracker

                                               How many crackers can you eat in a minute?

Prediction :

Predict how many crackers can you eat in a minute.

I predict I can eat 8 crackers.

Rules :

1. You can only eat one cracker at a time.
2. You must swallow the previous one before you start the next one.
3. You cannot drink any water during the minute.


Result :

I ate 7 crackers in a minute.

Explanation :

It's hard to eat because the crackers stick's in your mouth and teeth and it melts quickly than what you expect.

Chicken Bone Experiment

What is bone made of?

    A bone is made of collagen. Collagen is a protein that provides a soft framework, and calcium phosphate is a mineral that adds strength and hardens the framework.

Aim  To investigate the effect of acid on bone.

Method

1. We collect chicken bones
2. We’re weighing the bones.
3. Then we put the bone in it’s own case.
4. We put some acids in it. ( we use 3 glasses of syrups).
5. We let it to say in it’s own cup.
6. Open it, then weigh it.

Results

	Bone in Water	Bone in Acid	Bone in Coca Cola
Observation	The bone floated in the water, then it travels around in the cup. Then we open it and it smells bad, lastly we weigh it to measure how much does it weigh.	The bone also floated a little bit and it stay in it’s own place. After waiting, we removed the bone in the cup, then test it before we weigh it.	I can’t see the bone in the cup because the coca-cola covered the whole glass. After 2 weeks, we open the cup then we removed the bone in the coca-cola and the bone change it’s colour into black.
Mass (g) Before	8 gm.	9 gm.	8 gm.
Mass (g) After	8.8 gm.	11 gm.	9 gm.
Difference in Mass	0.8 gm	2 gm.	1 gm.

Conclusion

 I think if you put the bone in the acid, the acid will dissolve the calcium in the bone. It will bend the bone in any positone. Then, the bone in coca-cola will also bend because it also contain some acids in it.

Chicken bone in Water

             Chicken bone in Acid

       Chicken bone in Coca cola